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The electrochemical energy storage system is a comprehensive project involving multiple disciplines, in which the related technologies of electrochemistry, thermodynamics, machinery, and electronics are applied.
The following is a typical distributed energy storage system architecture:

The energy storage system consists of batteries, electrical components, mechanical supports, heating and cooling systems (thermal management systems), bidirectional energy storage converters (PCS), energy management systems (EMS) and battery management systems (BMS). The batteries are arranged, connected and assembled into a battery module, and then fixed and assembled into the cabinet together with other components to form a battery cabinet. Below we introduce the important parts.

Battery Management System (BMS)
The battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is composed of a master control unit, a slave control unit, an information acquisition unit, an information transmission and a display unit, etc., and its main function is to detect the battery status. The basic working principle is that the micro-control unit collects battery working parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature provided by the sensor, analyzes the working condition of the battery, estimates its remaining power, and decides whether to start the protection circuit or perform equalization. Generally speaking, BMS can realize nine functions such as single battery voltage, current and temperature detection, real-time communication, built-in charging management, backup state management, power calculation, health status, balance management, protection function, and data storage. Among them, the voltage, current, temperature and power calculation directly determine the life and safety of the battery pack, which is the key link of the BMS. A typical BMS consists of hardware circuits, underlying software and application layer software. Among them, the hardware circuit is the basis of BMS, including components and printed circuit boards, etc.; the software system is the main body and main added value of BMS.

Bidirectional Power Storage Converter (PCS)
The energy storage converter is usually composed of a DC/AC bidirectional converter and a control unit. The control unit receives the control command and controls the converter to charge and discharge the battery according to the sign and size of the power command to realize active power and reactive power. power adjustment. The energy storage converter is connected with the battery management system through the interface to obtain the status information of the battery pack, realize the protective charge and discharge of the battery, and ensure the safe operation of the battery. Including electronic components such as IGBTs, capacitors, inductors, reactances, and PCB boards, as well as structural parts such as cabinets and chassis. It has a high degree of overlap with photovoltaic inverters in terms of technical principles, usage scenarios, suppliers and customers, and most of the manufacturers are photovoltaic inverter manufacturers.

Energy Management System (EMS)
Energy Management System (EMS) is a dynamic monitoring and digital management of the energy supply, storage, transmission and other links of the energy storage system by using automation, information technology and other professional technologies, so as to realize monitoring, forecasting, balancing, optimization, etc. Function. The focus of the energy management system is to understand the operating characteristics and core demands of the power grid. In addition, doing a good job in thermal management and intelligent operation and maintenance of energy storage systems is also an important development direction of battery management systems and energy management systems.
EMS mainly includes information collection terminal, communication management machine, system platform hardware and system software. The collection, exchange and transmission of information signals are realized through hardware devices such as information collection terminals, communication management machines, and data collectors.

System Integration
Energy storage system integration connects equipment manufacturers upwards and grid services downwards, and is in the middle and lower reaches of the entire industrial chain. The energy storage system integration is to select the appropriate energy storage technology and products according to the needs of users, and combine each unit to create solutions for various scenarios such as household, industrial and commercial, power generation, and power grid, so that the overall energy storage po